Part A: Grammar (40 Marks)

Part A: Grammar (40 Marks)

1.     Complete the following passage with suitable verbs from the list. Put them in the correct tense. Use the negatives where necessary.

live

has

be

necessary

require

need

help

Health (a) _________ the root of all happiness. An unhealthy man (b) __ ______ a sound life. Regular exercise (c) ________ to build a good health. Good health (d) _______ the key to success. A balance diet and some fruits (e) ________ with it.

2.     Read the following letter and fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.

Sir,

I would like to draw your kind attention to take immediate action (a) _________ some miscreants (b) _________ our locality. A group of notorious people is trying to cause unnecessary harassment (c) ________ us. They indulge (d) ________ various anti-social activities. They attack the passers-by and rob them (e) ________ their belongings.

3.     Use articles where necessary. Put a cross (x) where an article is not needed.

Ruma works in (a) ________ American bank in Dhaka, (b) _________ capital city of Bangladesh. Being (c) ________ susceptive girl and (d) __ ______ ex-student of (e) ________ English literature, she takes the job as (f) ________ source of pleasure. As (g) ________ honest officer, she tries to give her best to (h) ________ clients. Everyday thousands of people come to (i) ________ bank and Ruma happens to come across many of them with (j) _______ smiling face.

4.     Make meaningful sentences with the following idioms (any five).

Crying need, from time immemorial, first and foremost, in stead of, in full swing, big guns, cut a sorry figure.

5.     Rewrite the following passage in the reported speech.

“How can you do the work in two days? Nobody agrees to do it in less than four,” I said to the boy. “I am confident that I shall finish it a I have told you,” he replied.

6.     Read the following passage and transform the underlined sentences as directed.

a)     Truthfulness is one of the greatest virtues in a man’s life (Positive).

b)    It ennobles one’s character and gives one high position in society (simple).

c)     It may not make one rich but it brings peace in mind (Complex).

d)    A truthful person is loved and respected by all (Active).

e)     A liar fears everybody (Negative).

7.     Fill in the blanks with question tags.

a)     There is a great change in atmospheric temperature, _________?

b)    The cause of it is the greenhouse effect, _________?

c)     As a result, the life of animals and plants is endangered with the threat of extinction, _________?

d)    If we do not take immediate steps, our world will be uninhabitable, _________?

e)     We have to stop environment pollution instantly, __________?

8.     Complete the following sentences.

a)     A wish man is one who _________.

b)    Knowledge is very useful but __________.

c)     We need a special kind of education which _________.

d)    Wisdom guides us to make the best use of our knowledge and _________.

e)     Without wisdom we cannot reach __________.

ANSWER

Part A : Grammar

1.     Right form of verbs

(a) is; (b) cannot live; (c) helps; (d) is; (e) are needed.

2.     Appropriate prepositions

(a) against; (b) in/of; (c) to; (d) in; (e) of.

3.     Use of articles

(a) an; (b) the; (c) a; (d) an; (e) x; (f) a; (g) an; (h) the; (i) the; (j) a.

4.     Making sentences with phrases & idioms

Crying need : Controlling the continuous rise of the prices of the daily necessaries is now the crying need.

From time immemorial : Man has been living in society from time immemorial.

First and foremost : The first and foremost duty of a student is to read.

Instead of : He took biology instead of Computer.

In full swing : Our classes are now going on in full swing.

Big guns : All the big guns of the town were invited to the meeting.

Cut a sorry figure : Mitu cut a sorry figure in the examination.

5.     Changing the form of speech

I asked the boy how he could do the work in two days and told him that nobody agreed to do it in less than four. He replied that he was confident that he should finish it as he had told me.

6.     Transformation of sentences

a)     Very few virtues in a man’s life are as great as truthfulness.

b)    Ennobling one’s character, it gives one high position in society.

c)     Though it may not make one rich, it brings peace in mind.

d)    All love and respect a truthful person.

e)     Whom a liar does not fear?

    Or, There is nobody whom a liar does not fear.

7.     Tag questions

a.     There is a great change in atmospheric temperature, isn’t there?

b.     The cause of it is the greenhouse effect, isn’t it?

c.      As a result, the life of animals and plants is endangered with the threat of extinction, isn’t it?

d.     If we do not take immediate steps, our world will be uninhabitable, won’t it?

e.      We have to stop environment pollution instantly, haven’t we?

8.     Completing sentences

a.     A wish man is one who has wisdom.

b.     Knowledge is very useful but wisdom cannot be neglected.

c.      We need a special kind of education which which helps us to gain wisdom.

d.     Wisdom guides us to make the best use of our knowledge and become successful.

e.      Without wisdom we cannot reach our goal.

Character Analysis Macduff

Character Analysis Macduff

Macduff is the archetype অতি উচ্চ of the avenging প্রতিশোধ লওয়া hero, not simply out for revenge প্রতিশোধ but with a good and holy purpose. Macduff is the character who has two of the most significant অর্থপূর্ণ roles in the play: First, he is the discoverer আবিস্কারক of Duncan's body. Second, the news of the callous নিরাবেগ murder of his wife and children (Act IV, Scene 3) spurs জুতার কাঁটা ঘোড়ার চড়া জন্য ব্যবহার হয় him toward his desire ইচ্ছা to take personal revenge upon the tyrannical অত্যাচারি Macbeth. When he knocks আঘাত করা আস্তে আস্তে at the gate of Macbeth's castle দুর্গ in Act II, Scene 3, he is being equated সান্ত with the figure আকৃতি of Christ খ্রিষ্ট, who before his final ascension আরহন into Heaven সর্গ, goes down to release মুক্তি দেওয়া the souls আত্যা of the damned জঘন্য from hell নরক (the so-called "Harrowing হৃদয় বিদারক of Hell").

Like Macbeth, Macduff is also shown as a human being. When he hears শোনা of the death of his "pretty মনহর chickens ক্কুট সাবক," he has to hold back his emotions হ্রদয় আবেগ. Even when (in Act IV, Scene 3) Malcolm urges পীড়া পীড়ি করা him to "Dispute তর্ক বিতর্ক করা it like a man," Macduff's reply "I will do so. But I must also feel it as a man" enables the audience শ্রতা বর্গ to weigh অজন him against বিরুদ্দে Macbeth, an unfeeling হ্রদয়হীন man if ever চিরকাল there was one. In the final চরম combat যুদ্ধ করা between hero and anti-heroভিলেন , this humanity মানবতা is recalled পূর্ণর আহব্বান করা once more when Macduff cries ঘোষক  out, "I have no words; my voice is in my sword তলোয়ার ." It is his very wordlessness নির্বাক that contrasts বিপরিত হওয়া with Macbeth's empty rhetoric কাব্যরস তত্ত্ব.

COMPLEX SENTENCE

COMPLEX SENTENCE
A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which. In the following complex sentences, subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, and the subordinators and their commas (when required) are in red.

A. When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page.  B. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error. C. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow. D. After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies. E. Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying.

When a complex sentence begins with a subordinator such as sentences A and D, a comma is required at the end of the dependent clause. When the independent clause begins the sentence with subordinators in the middle as in sentences B, C, and E, no comma is required. If a comma is placed before the subordinators in sentences B, C, and E, it is wrong.
Note that sentences D and E are the same except sentence D begins with the dependent clause which is followed by a comma, and sentence E begins with the independent clause which contains no comma.  The comma after the dependent clause in sentence D is required, and experienced listeners of English will often hear a slight pause there.  In sentence E, however, there will be no pause when the independent clause begins the sentence. 
COMPLEX SENTENCES / ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
Finally, sentences containing adjective clauses (or dependent clauses) are also complex because they contain an independent clause and a dependent clause.  The subjects, verbs, and subordinators are marked the same as in the previous sentences, and in these sentences, the independent clauses are also underlined. 

A. The woman who called my mom sells cosmetics. B. The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf. C. The house which Abraham  Lincoln was born in is still standing. D. The town where I grew up is in the United States.

Adjective Clauses are studied in this site separately, but for now it is important to know that sentences containing adjective clauses are complex.

COMPOUND SENTENCE

COMPOUND SENTENCE
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. (Helpful hint: The first letter of each of the coordinators spells FANBOYS.) Except for very short sentences, coordinators are always preceded by a comma. In the following compound sentences, subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, and the coordinators and the commas that precede them are in red. 

A.  I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English.  B.  Alejandro played football, so Maria went shopping.  C.  Alejandro played football, for Maria went shopping.

The above three sentences are compound sentences.  Each sentence contains two independent clauses, and they are joined by a coordinator with a comma preceding it.  Note how the conscious use of coordinators can change the relationship between the clauses.  Sentences B and C, for example, are identical except for the coordinators.  In sentence B, which action occurred first?  Obviously, "Alejandro played football" first, and as a consequence, "Maria went shopping.  In sentence C, "Maria went shopping" first.  In sentence C, "Alejandro played football" because, possibly, he didn't have anything else to do, for or because "Maria went shopping."  How can the use of other coordinators change the relationship between the two clauses?  What implications would the use of "yet" or "but" have on the meaning of the sentence?

sentences

Experienced writers use a variety of sentences to make their writing interesting and lively. Too many simple sentences, for example, will sound choppy and immature while too many long sentences will be difficult to read and hard to understand. 
This page contains definitions of simple, compound, and complex sentences with many simple examples.  The purpose of these examples is to help the ESL/EFL learner to identify sentence basics including identification of sentences in the short quizzes that follow.   After that, it will be possible to analyze more complex sentences varieties. 
SIMPLE SENTENCE
A simple sentence, also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought. In the following simple sentences, subjects are in yellow, and verbs are in green.  

A. Some students like to study in the mornings. B. Juan and Arturo play football every afternoon. C. Alicia goes to the library and studies every day.

The three examples above are all simple sentences.  Note that sentence B contains a compound subject, and sentence C contains a compound verb.  Simple sentences, therefore, contain a subject and verb and express a complete thought, but they can also contain a compound subjects or verbs. 

Macbeth

Character Analysis Banquo

Banquo's role in the original source for Macbeth was as Macbeth's co-conspirator চক্রান্তকারি . In Shakespeare's play, he is depicted instead as Macbeth's rival প্রতিদদ্মি; the role of fellow plotter নাটকের অখ্যান ভাগ passed to Lady Macbeth. Like Macbeth, Banquo is open to human yearnings বলবতি ইচ্ছ and desiresইচ্ছুক: He is, for example, just as keen প্রগাড় to hear শুনে what the Witches নাটকের ণট ভূমিকা have in store for him in Act I, Scene 3. He is kept from sleep by his dreams of the Witches স্বপ্নের মাধ্যমে জানা (Act II, Scene 1). And in his soliloquy নাটকে স্বগতোক্তি at the start of Act III, Scene 1 — "Thou hast ত্বরা it now . . . " — there is more than a hint ইগিত জানান of resentment অসন্তস and, possibly, of the same naked নগ্ন ambition লক্ষ that leads Macbeth astray বিপথে. Nevertheless তথাপি, Banquo is a sympathetic সহানুভূতিশীল figure আকার for several reasons. First, he is ignorant অগ্ম of what the audience মঞ্চ knows concerning বিষয় the murder of the king and of his own impending আসন্ন doom ষেশ বিচার. Second, he is a father whose relationship জাতিত্ব আত্মীয়তা with his son is clearly an affectionate স্নেহশীল one.

FUN WITH GRAMMAR

 AT MAIN CLASS ROOM IN UNIVERSITY.

WORK SHEET-1

A.      Rewrite these sentences correctly adding punctuation marks and capital letters where required. The first one has been done for you.  

1.       I like dogs.

2.       Do you like dogs?

3.       Stop teasing the dog.

4.       She is shutting the door.

5.       Is she shutting the door?

6.       Ashok shut the door.

7.       Sheeela is a great friend of mine.

8.       Are you feeling well?

9.       How do you do?

10.   Don’t sit near the fire.

B.       Change the following questions into statements as shown. 

1.       There are seven days in a week.

2.       The boy was late for school.

3.       The cattle were grazing in the fields.

4.       There are twenty-four hours in one day.

5.       Your mother can speak English.

6.       There will be a holiday tomorrow.

7.       These mangoes have delicious smell.

8.       An elephant is a very strong animal.

9.       Your parents were present at the party last night.

10.   She could understand English very well.

C.      Change the following statements into questions as shown.  

1.       Were you ill last week?

2.       Have the children eaten their lunch?

3.       Are they quite well now?

4.       Have we done our duty?

5.       Is it very hot today?

6.       Will there be a holiday tomorrow?

7.       Had she a headache and fever yesterday?

8.       Could her parents not understand English at all?

9.       Were many children not understand English at all?

10.   Will our tam play the match this afternoon?

D.      Rearrange the words to form orders. The first one has been done for you.  

1.       Do all the questions on page 10.

2.       Don’t make a noise in the class.

3.       Write your name at the top of the page.

4.       Do all the exercise carefully at home.

5.       Mary brings me a glass of water quickly.

6.       Children, now stop talking and begin work.

7.       Post these letters for me at the post office.

8.       Don’t throw stones at birds and animals.

9.       Bring your exercise book to school tomorrow.

10.   Don’t pull your dog’s tail in fun.